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Ta có P \(\le\dfrac{1^2+\left(\sqrt{x-1}\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{2^2+\left(\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{3^2+\left(\sqrt{z-9}\right)^2}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1+x-1+4+y-4+9+z-9}{2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=\dfrac{28}{2}=14\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1=\sqrt{x-1}\\2=\sqrt{y-4}\\3=\sqrt{z-9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=2;y=8;z=18\)(tm) 

\(1=x+y+3xy\le x+y+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)-4\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đồng thời: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{2}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-\dfrac{2}{9}\)

Từ đó ta có:

\(A=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\)

\(A\le\sqrt{2\left[2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\le\sqrt{2\left(2-\dfrac{2}{9}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}-1=\dfrac{3+8\sqrt{2}}{6}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\ge0\Rightarrow x+y\ge0\)

\(x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\le\sqrt{2\left(x+y+12\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\left(x+y+12\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+4\right)\left(x+y-6\right)\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y\le6\) (do \(x+y+4>0\))

\(P_{max}=6\) khi \(x=y=3\)

\(x+y=\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=x+y+12+2\sqrt{\left(x+6\right)\left(y+6\right)}\ge x+y+12\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)-12\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x+y-4\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y-4\ge0\) (do \(x+y+3>0\))

\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge4\)

\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-6;10\right)\) và hoán vị

Ta có: x - \(\sqrt{x+6}\) = \(\sqrt{y+6}\) - y (x; y \(\ge\) -6)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) P = x + y  = \(\sqrt{x+6}+\sqrt{y+6}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) P² = x + y + 12 + 2\(\sqrt{\left(x+6\right)\left(y+6\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số ko âm x + 6 và y + 6 ta có:

\(x+y+12\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+6\right)\left(y+6\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) P² \(\le\) x + y + 12 + x + y + 12 = 2x + 2y + 24 = 2P + 24

\(\Leftrightarrow\) P² - 2P - 24 \(\le\) 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\) P² - 36 + 12 - 2P \(\le\) 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\) (P - 6)(P + 6) + 2(6 - P) \(\le\) 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\) (P - 6)(P + 4) \(\le\) 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P-6\ge0\\P+4\le0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P-6\le0\\P+4\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}-4\ge P\ge6\left(KTM\right)\\6\ge P\ge-4\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\) -4 \(\le\) P \(\le\) 6

Vậy ...

Chúc bn học tốt!

\(P=\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{z}\right)+3\sqrt{zx}=\left(6-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{z}\right)+3\sqrt{zx}\)

\(P=-x+6\sqrt{x}-2z+12z=-\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)^2-2\left(\sqrt{z}-3\right)^2+27\le27\)

\(P_{max}=27\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(9;0;9\right)\)